Improving the level of spiritual pension of elderly farmers is a critical task in the process of promoting common prosperity in spiritual life. Through in-depth interviews with the elderly in two villages and the nursing homes in the villages in Anhui, it is found that the spiritual support of the elderly farmers is diversified but insufficient; the spiritual and cultural activities are relatively monotonous; the level of satisfaction with the spiritual pension policy is high; the spiritual needs are stratified, and the elderly generally have a strong sense of worthlessness. In addition, there is no significant difference in spiritual pension situation between the elderly who live at home and those who live in pension institutions, while pension institutions provide a useful guarantee for the elderly who are ill or disabled, or live alone. Therefore, in order to improve the level of spiritual pension of elderly farmers in the process of promoting common prosperity in spiritual life, it is necessary to strengthen the spiritual support of elderly farmers, enrich the spiritual and cultural activities for them, help elderly farmers to form a positive and healthy mentality, and guide the healthy development of pension institutions.