Blocking the intergenerational transmission of poverty is the key to consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation. Through analyzing the realistic representation, endogenous and exogenous mechanism of poverty intergenerational transmission, it is found that the poverty intergenerational transmission in China has the characteristics of large elasticity, decreasing trend, gender structure and regional heterogeneity. Human capital, social capital and wealth capital are the main endogenous factors of poverty intergenerational transmission. Among them, the transmission mechanism of human capital is the core mechanism. The essence of the transmission mechanism of social capital is the social exclusion of children from impoverished families, and the transmission mechanism of wealth capital is the most direct one. The three mechanisms interact. In addition, education system, labor market, poverty subculture, social security and natural environment have formed an exogenous mechanism of poverty intergenerational transmission through their impact on endogenous factors.